H2OAlliance ElectroChemisty Working Group
This working group is an independent New-Tech Business Forum focusing on using electro-chemisty and nanosensor technology.
We invite you to join us.
Benefits
Nanosensors, Monitoring and Measuring using Electrochemistry
Electrochemical liquid monitoring technology offers important, and unique alternatives for the monitoring, prevention, and remediation of water quality, and the environment.
The key to better water management in any industrial process is understanding electrochemistry in liquids, combined with real-time monitoring technology.
The battle to preserve our freshwater resources is a fierce one, as the health of people and of ecosystems is seriously threatened. Most substances involved in the pollution arena can normally be subject to either an oxidation, or a reduction. Just a simple electron transfer can frequently be achieved on an electrified surface (electrode); this opens new opportunities for the electrochemical monitoring, treatment or destruction of pollutants.
The application of an electric signal, and the monitoring of the liquids in most industrial processes can detect key substances. A series of electro analytical techniques offers the possibility of performing a plethora of qualitative or quantitative determinations of substances in several of matrices. These substances are analyzed by techniques that make use of electrochemical detectors. Electrochemical techniques offer increasing degrees of accuracy and detection limits, often involving dramatically lower costs than other techniques.
Electrochemistry offers a series of advantages that in many cases can be used to make "green" processes. Some include the minimization of waste emissions by improved process design involving the minimization of by-product formation, raw material usage, and energy consumption.
Benefits of Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring:
- Dramatically lower costs than other techniques. Electrochemical reactors normally do not require moving
parts, and thus are mechanically simple, and of relatively low maintenance;
- Energy efficient. Electrochemical processes are not subject to some
limitations inherent to other processes;
- Environmental compatibility. Electrons are clean reagents per se;
- Versatility. The same electrochemical monitoring system can often be
used for many industries and water-related applications;
- Ease of automation. The main variables in electrochemical monitoring systems
are ideally suited for process automation, optimization, monitoring, and
control;
- Friendly requirements. Contrary to other techniques or processes real-time
electrochemical monitoring technique does not require chemicals, high
temperature or pressure;
- Selectivity. An adequate combination of experimental conditions and
reactor characteristics can be selected to prevent or minimize energy waste,
and by-product generation. Such by-products not only mean a waste of materials,
but also introduce additional difficulties for their separation and/or
disposal;
- Maturity. Since 2000, we have tested our real-time electrochemical liquid
monitoring system in many key industries, and in the environmental area with
great success.
Electrochemistry of Water
General
Water is a critical component to vast amount industrial processes and water itself reacts with large variety of reagents, compounds, and by-products of theses processes. The reactions are very sensitive to pH and electrochemistry. The input and exit conditions of the water also have significant affect on process efficiency and quality.
Why Electrochemistry
Oxidation and reduction reactions can be designed in for specific of conditions to produce the desired reactions and products especially experimentally. This proves useful in monitoring.
- Electrochemistry is a practical tool particularly through the use of electron as clean non intrusive energy efficient reagent.
- Physical factorization of processes such as absorption phenomenon can be measured and monitored using electrochemistry
Measurements
Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
- Conductivity of a liquid provides information regarding where to aggregate and dissolve compounds and by products
- Conductivity of liquid increases when temperature increases
- Conductivity depend on also pH
- pH is the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid, which is directly related to the concentration of Hydrogen (+-ion): -(pH = -log[H+]
Reduction
- A redox reaction is a form of reduced and oxidized transfer reaction of electrons.
- Redox reaction effect temperature and concentrate of dissolved oxidants and reductants.
- The potential of redox reactions changes when pH change or concentrate of subjects change.
- Increases in the concentrate of subjects do not change the redox potential all the time but on certain concentrates it achieves a constant value.
- Traditional redox-measurement can not separate the effects of liquids containing many Oxidants and reductants.
- The redox value depends on materials on electrodes which is often unpredictable.
Use of Electrochemistry:
- To measure oxidants and reductants, separately and simultaneously.
- Provides much more chemical and physical information than other electrochemical methods
- Gives information of water quality beforehand
- Determines the correct conditions
- Detects disturbances, which can not observed on other way
- Retains information for additional decision making and detection
Types of materials/metals the electrochemical monitoring system measures:
- All the materials that have typically been measured in polarography
- Metals, which are electrochemically noble enough in aqueous phase either for oxidation or for reduction reactions.
- Organic or Inorganic materials' effect on the quality of the process.
Types of materials/metals the system measures:
- All the materials and metals that have typically been measured in polarography
- Metals, which are electrochemically noble enough in aqueous phase either for oxidation or for reduction reactions. However it is not limited to these measurements only. It measures also other process control related parameters such as molecules, and organic or inorganic substances, and effects on the quality of the process.
Threshold levels of detection
- Our electrochemical experts understand the thresholds of detection;
- The detection range can be from less than a nanogram per liter to over a milligram per liter, depending on the liquid measured and especially on the process circumstances;
- Typically it is not as important to measure the concentrations only, as it is to measure the effect of the substances to the process;
- Our electrochemical water monitoring technology and system provides a very practical way of improving and securing the process.
Detection certainty
- This depends on the defined target, the circumstances and also on how much you want to emphasize a specific substance in relation to the process.
Technical specifications/details of measuring method
- All the methods used in electrochemistry. None of them are excluded.
Error interval indications
- The system uses several parallel indicators for instance impedance based alerts.
Interferences for the electrochemical measuring
- These depend on the circumstances. Typical interferences are sulfur, phosphorus, silicon and carbon based compounds.
Specific answers
- Giving specific answers is impossible without specifying the application site and the process. This requires practical on-site tests and information on how much of their sources the customer can invest in solving the process variables, and optimizing the process. Our long-term aim is to help our customers gain maximum benefits with the minimum investment.
Electrochemical Water Quality Monitoring & Drought
We have decades of experience in water customization, water
research and management, and industrial process disturbances, and
elimination of the undesired effects. Our unique technologies, systems and methods have been evaluated as the most advanced industrial liquid monitoring tools in process control by some of the world's leading industrial engineers and electrochemical experts.
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